[Must-see for beginners] Introducing the terminology "Sa line" related to real estate investment

Terminology that you encounter for the first time when you start real estate investment.There are a lot of kanji and English horizontal characters.There are many similar words, and I think that many people are confused at first because they do not know what they are.I would like to divide it into several times and explain the terminology related to real estate investment.Please click the word you are interested in from the table of contents.

servicer

A private company specializing in the management and collection of receivables that has obtained permission from the Minister of Justice to conduct receivable management and collection operations by consignment or transfer from financial institutions, etc.

Cannot be rebuilt

It means that "the building cannot be reconstructed", that is, "the building cannot be demolished and a new property constructed" due to reasons such as the site of the existing building not adjoining the road under the Building Standards Act. .

Maximum altitude zone

It is an altitude district that defines the maximum height.There are cases where it is specified by height and cases where it is specified by the slanting line on the north side, which differs depending on the municipality.Municipalities are supposed to decide the specific contents of altitude districts.

Replacement price

It is the construction cost required to build an equivalent building.It is calculated by multiplying the building unit price (construction cost per square meter) determined for each building structure by the floor area.

Minimum altitude district

It is a regional district that determines the minimum height in an urban area within a restricted area.It is specified to maintain the environment of urban areas in residential areas, etc., where buildings must be made higher than the specified height.

limit price

The price (purchase price) specified by the buyer at the time of sale.

sublease

A real estate company rents from the owner in bulk and subleases it separately to the actual lessee.Even if the tenant is absent, the rent will be paid to the owner from the sublease company.

Sarachi

This refers to residential land that does not have buildings, etc., and does not have rights such as leasehold rights to restrict usage revenue.If there is a leasehold on the land, it cannot be said to be vacant land, and if only the mortgage is attached, it is called vacant land.

urbanized area

It is an area where urbanization is promoted by the government, and it is an urbanized area with residential areas and commercial facilities, and an area where urbanization will be promoted within about 10 years.

Controlled urbanization area

Unlike urbanization promotion areas, urbanization control areas are not intended for urbanization, so construction of general housing and commercial facilities necessary for people to live is permitted in principle. not.

Shikikin

This money is deposited in advance as collateral for rent obligations in the event of non-payment during the contract period, or as collateral for repair costs in the event of damage to the room.When you move out of the room, the amount of the security deposit will be refunded less the cost of repairing any non-payment or damage that the tenant is responsible for.

Site extension

A long and narrow part of the site that protrudes in order to connect the site to the road specified in the Building Standards Act.Sites with this type of shape are called “hatazaochi” or “shikien”.

Right of site

This is the right to the land that is integrated with the building in a compartmentalized ownership building.In a compartmentalized building, the site is co-owned by all owners, so the right of site is co-ownership of the site or quasi-co-ownership of the site.

Site (use) right ratio (shikichikenwarai)

It is the ratio of the right of site owned by the unit owner.It is calculated by dividing the wall core area of ​​each exclusive area by the total floor area of ​​the exclusive area.

Land ownership

ownership of the premises.Since the same person does not necessarily have the ownership of the building and the ownership of the site, ownership of the site is called site ownership.

Site area

The size of the land being sold.

self-management

The owner handles everything related to real estate management, such as dealing with tenants and arranging contractors.

Real Yield

It is the annual rental income minus overhead expenses divided by the property price plus overhead expenses at the time of purchase.The yield shown in the advertisement is the gross yield, which is the annual income divided by the property price.

Actual measurement area

Actual area refers to the area based on surveying, not the registered area.

Specific block (Tokuteigaiku)

In urban planning, maximum floor area ratios, maximum heights, and wall position limits are set for districts designated as areas where block development is carried out in order to maintain a good environment and buildings.

private road

Roads owned by private individuals or corporations.

Private road burden (shidoufutan)

A term used to indicate that the property includes a portion of the driveway.In many cases, the width of the road is made 4m or more by providing a part of the site as a road to fulfill the road contact obligation.

Leasehold right

It is the right to rent land from a landlord in order to build a building, and the consent of the landlord is required when selling a building to a third party.

slanted line limit

For the purpose of ensuring ventilation, lighting, etc. and maintaining a good building environment, the height of each part of the building is restricted according to the distance from the road boundary line or neighboring land boundary line.

Profit return method

It focuses on the profitability of real estate and calculates the evaluation. It evaluates profitable real estate by calculating the total present value of the net income that the target real estate will generate in the future.

Repair reserve fund

This is the cost of buying a new condominium, and is a fixed repair fee paid at the time of moving in for future large-scale repair costs.

Reserve fund for repairs

It is money set aside in advance for property repairs in condominiums.The management association is obliged to report the income and expenditure of the management fee and the reserve fund for repairs to the unit owners at the annual general meeting.The income and expenditure report includes the amount of delinquency and the total amount of reserves for repairs.

Housing Performance Indication System

It is a system for displaying the performance of housing created based on the Act on Promotion of Housing Quality Assurance.A fair and highly reliable housing performance evaluation report will be issued for evaluation by a third-party organization registered with the government.

Explanation of important matters (relevant theory)

The explanation of important contractual matters by a real estate broker to the transaction parties is called an explanation of important matters, and the document that describes the content of the explanation and is delivered to the parties is called an explanation of important matters.This is one of the obligatory acts of a real estate agent, and must be performed before concluding a sales contract or lease contract.

Quasi-industrial area

Under the City Planning Act, it is defined as ``an area established mainly to promote the convenience of industry that does not cause environmental deterioration''.Private bathrooms and factories that pose a great danger or that may significantly deteriorate the environment cannot be constructed.

Quasi-residential area

In the City Planning Act, it is defined as "an area designated to protect the residential environment in harmony with the improvement of the convenience of business that is suitable for the characteristics of the area along the road".The things that can be built are the following, and factories, amusement facilities, and entertainment facilities other than these cannot be built.

1.Housing, condominium, dormitory, boarding house, library
2.Kindergartens, elementary schools, junior high schools, high schools, universities, vocational schools, hospitals, public baths, nursing homes
3.Store (no area limit)
Four.Office (no size limit)
Five.Factories with a working area of ​​5 square meters or less where there is very little risk of danger or environmental deterioration
6.Hotel/Ryokan (no size limit)
7.Bowling alleys, skating rinks, golf driving ranges, karaoke boxes, pachinko parlors, mahjong parlors, etc. (no size limit), mini theaters with audience seating less than 200 square meters
8.Driving school (no area limit)
9.warehousing warehouse

semi-fire zone

This is an area designated by a city plan that aims to help prevent fires in the city so that the damage does not spread.Depending on the number of floors, total area, etc., each standard is applied, such as having to be a fire-resistant building or a quasi-fire-resistant building.

commercial area

It is a use zone that mainly aims to increase the convenience of commerce and other business stipulated by the City Planning Act.In addition to commercial facilities, various facilities such as offices and recreational facilities can be constructed, and there is little risk of danger or environmental deterioration, and factories with a floor area of ​​150 square meters or less can be constructed.

Ownership transfer

Simultaneously with the payment of the trading value, the seller and the buyer cooperate with each other to register ownership transfer.
In many cases, a judicial scrivener acts on behalf of the seller and the buyer to register the transfer of ownership.
At this time, the seller becomes the registered person and the buyer becomes the registered right holder.

Loan for use

From a legal point of view, lending is divided into “leasing for use” and “leasing.” When a borrower borrows an item from a lender free of charge, uses it, and then returns it, it is called lending for use.On the other hand, a rental housing contract is a building lease in which rent is exchanged.As a common pattern, when children build a house on their parents' land, they often do not pay the rent, and legally speaking, it is not a lease but a lease for use.

income tax

When you get the profit, it will be subject to tax as income.When real estate is sold, the gain on sale is taxable as capital gains, but in the case of real estate, the acquisition cost at the time of purchase and the transfer cost at the time of sale are deducted from the gain on sale, and taxable.

Shiraji

It refers to state-owned land that is not assigned a parcel number on public maps.

New Earthquake Resistance Standards

This is a standard applied to building confirmations after June 1981, 6 under the Building Standards Law, which requires little damage in a medium-scale earthquake (seismic intensity of about 1-strong) and a large-scale earthquake (strength of 5-upper to 6). ) is required to be earthquake resistant so that it will not collapse or collapse.
On the other hand, the standards that were applied until then are called "old seismic standards".

Cumulative evaluation

This is a property valuation method in which the value of the land and the value of the building are evaluated separately (based on present value) and then added up.The integrated price is calculated as the land price + building price, and is used as a reference for measuring the collateral value when a bank provides a loan.
*Land price = land price x land area
*Building price = replacement price x total floor area x (statutory useful life - building age) / legal useful life

Obligation to be in contact

According to the provisions of the Building Standards Act, the site of the building is in principle 4m wide (6m or more in the area where the specified administrative agency treats a width of 6m or more as a road), and the width is 2m (or 3m) or more. It's a rule that you have to be in touch.Road access obligations apply within city planning areas and quasi-city planning areas.

setback

Article 42, Paragraph 2 of the Building Standards Law When building a building on a site adjacent to a road, "the site must be set back 2m from the center line of the road." Masu.This is to ensure the width of the road is 4m.

general contractor

It is a general construction company that directly undertakes various civil engineering and construction works as a set from the orderer as the primary contractor and coordinates the entire construction.

Exclusive full-time brokerage contract

Similar to a full-time intermediary contract when selling real estate, this is a contract that entrusts sales activities to one company.The main difference is that the frequency of activity reports is set at least once a week, making it easy to understand the status of sales activities, but the seller cannot sell without going through a contracted real estate company.Since the brokerage commission can be received from both the seller and the buyer, it can be said that there are many cases in which sales activities are actively carried out.

Exclusive intermediary contract

Similar to an exclusive full-time intermediary contract, this is a contract that entrusts sales activities to one company.Full-time intermediary contracts are obliged to report the activity status at least once every two weeks.If you find a buyer yourself, you will receive brokerage commissions from both the seller and the buyer, but if another real estate company finds a buyer, the company with which you have already concluded a full-time brokerage contract can only receive brokerage commissions from the seller. yeah.

Private portion

A condominium is divided into an exclusive area and a common area. The inside of a partitioned dwelling unit (residential area) is called an exclusive area, and the non-exclusive area (corridors, stairs, balconies, etc.) is defined as a common area.

Exclusive area

There are two ways to display the occupied area: (2) wall center (kabeshin) area and (XNUMX) internal law (uchiori) area.

(XNUMX) The area of ​​the center of the wall is the area surrounded by the line connecting the center of the wall, which is used for sales drawings.
(XNUMX) The inside law area is the area measured from the inside of the wall, as recorded in the registry.

This is because walls, ceilings, floors, windows, and entrance doors are shared areas in shared apartments.

Exclusive use right

It is the right of a specific unit owner or a third party to have exclusive use of common areas or premises.The common area of ​​the condominium can be used freely by the unit owner, but in the following cases, it is possible to limit the use of the common area and the site to only specific unit owners or third parties. I'm here.

・When there is a provision to that effect in the management agreement
・When there is a resolution at the meeting
・When there is consent of all co-owners

Comprehensive taxation

It is a calculation method that totals the income earned in one year and is subject to taxation.Calculate your tax liability by subtracting various deductions from your total income and multiplying by the appropriate progressive tax rate.Separate taxation is a method of calculating tax by multiplying your own tax rate without adding it to other income.

inheritance tax

If the amount of inheritance exceeds a certain amount, it will be taxed.The deduction amount is 3000 million yen + the number of heirs x 600 million yen, and the assessed value of the property is the market value.If the inheritance is cash, the tax is 100%, but if it is real estate, there are measures that can be reduced, such as special exceptions for small residential land.

Inheritance tax valuation

It is the taxable value that is used as the basis for calculating inheritance tax and gift tax.Inheritance tax valuation of land and buildings is particularly difficult and requires specialized knowledge.In addition, there are evaluation criteria for stocks and life insurance, and saving tax with the help of experts will make a big difference.

Sokochi

Land with a leasehold right is called land.Leasehold is the right of the lessee to lease the land and construct a building on the land, while the right of the landlord to receive the rent and renewal fees for the leased land is called the land right.

Summary

We have introduced the terminology "sa line" related to real estate investment.

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